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Ground Survey Tests

Soil survey is mainly carried out with the aim of determining the general morphological characteristics, topographic condition, drainage characteristics of surface and flood waters, slope condition of the land and the general condition of the soil.

Depending on the characteristics of the construction to be built on the location of a construction site, the underground layers, the status, which types of geological structures, thickness, thickness, depth, density, seismic velocities, groundwater, if there is an earthquake to determine the behavior of the earth and the behavior of the general self. as the so-called ground survey.

In soil survey studies, different methods are applied according to the type of land and the characteristics of the structure. For example, seismic, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, gravity or radioactivity methods are among them.

Generally, it is aimed to increase the resistance of the structure against earthquakes. Liquefaction potential of soil, soil settling and earthquake intensity increase coefficient are physical properties that increase earthquake intensity. The structural features that increase the intensity of the earthquake are: geological structural differences under the foundation, visible and invisible fractures and cracks in the field, loose thick alluvial environments, thin rock layers, landslide condition, underground cavities and mechanical resonance forming layered structures.

Soil surveys are obligatory in order to keep possible damage in earthquake zones at the lowest level.

Briefly, ground survey tests are performed to determine the locations of the underground layers, what geological structures they are formed, their condition, the density of the rocks, the seismic velocities of the layers and the response of these features during the earthquake. In other words, the ground survey means to make the necessary analysis of the land before construction.

The main information obtained by soil survey tests are as follows:

  • Seismic shear waves and their period and layers in order to determine the sensitivity of the land to earthquakes
  • Ground acceleration spectrum coefficients to determine earthquake load reduction coefficient
  • Soil dominating period to avoid resonance of structure core period
  • Earthquake acceleration that may occur in the field in a possible earthquake
  • Ground safety regression to prevent land deformation and reduce the horizontal load of the earthquake
  • Determination of groundwater level that increases the severity of the earthquake
  • Determination of soil hardness, porosity, water saturation and resistance to dynamic deformation
  • Determination of the characteristics of the soil to form a control system

It is decided whether the ground is suitable for the building that is planned to be constructed based on these values ​​regarding the land structure. For each depth according to the type of foundation to be used during construction, the values ​​determined by ground survey are taken into account in the calculation of seat rate and bearing capacity.

Ground surveys, which have a very important place in the construction sector, are carried out by authorized test and inspection institutions, in accordance with the relevant legal regulations and standards published by domestic and foreign organizations. The main standard considered during these tests is:

 

  • TS EN 1997-2 Geotechnical design - Part 2: Soil survey and tests (eurocode 7)