EMC

With the industrialization, the diversification of machines and their capacity development have accelerated. Even though the machinery sector cannot develop rapidly due to the wrong industrial policies such as the transition to the customs union that changes from time to time, the assembly industry, the tendency to import substitution, the introduction of export incentives, and the priority applications given by the liberal economy to imports, it is still not behind the era in parallel with the development of technology. The weight given to R & D studies was also effective in this. Today, many electrical and electronic machines are produced for many sectors.

Machines of different capacities and characteristics developed in parallel with the needs of different sectors constitute the basis of industrial devices. Engines, compressors, lifting and handling equipment, machine tools, metallurgical machinery, mining machinery, construction machinery, food and beverage processing machinery, textiles, clothing eşoil and leather processing machines, papermaking machines, cooling and ventilation equipment, computers, televisions, medical devices and hundreds of other unimaginable machines.

However, the common point of all these industrial devices is that they work with electricity and electronic systems which are more oriented today. The common problem of electrical and electronic devices or systems is electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). It is inevitable that electronics will enter industrial devices when technology is moving so fast.

However, the important point here is that electrical or electronic industrial devices are not affected by the operation of other electrical or electronic devices in the same environment or they do not affect their operation. Otherwise there is an electromagnetic compatibility problem at that point. This causes industrial devices to behave unexpectedly.

On the one hand, the standards issued by domestic and foreign organizations on the one hand, the laws of the countries on the one hand, and the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests have become a necessity. Otherwise, it is not possible for companies producing these devices to launch their products in any country in the world, especially in the European Union.

In short, electromagnetic interference is any kind of disturbing effect or sign that reduces the performance of electrical or electronic devices and systems and causes them to malfunction or malfunction. The most vivid example today is that mobile phones affect vehicles' ABS braking systems or vibrate on the television screen.

Many electrical and electronic devices and systems are used in ships and boats. These must be found in the annex of the Ship Equipment Regulation in detail.

The main navigational equipment available on ships and boats are: magnetic compass, transmitter magnetic heading device (former electromagnetic compass), radar equipment, automatic radar plotting equipment, depth measuring equipment, speed and distance measuring equipment, rudder angle, speed and pitch indicators, rotation circle gauge, navigator, navigation equipment, GPS equipment, route control system, SAR search and rescue sender, propeller speed display, automatic route device for high speed boats, electronic plotting device, integrated bridge system, black box, electronic map display with backup mechanism and information system and map display system.

In addition, ships and boats are equipped with radio communication equipment. For example, VHF radio capable of sending and receiving cordless telephones, various receiving systems, marine security information equipment, two-tone alarm generator, two-way VHF cordless telephone with airline.

This equipment, which includes electrical or electronic components, is also covered by the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014 / 30 / EU). Therefore, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests of all kinds of electrical and electronic devices used in ships and boats have to be carried out.

Seafarers are most helpful in managing ships and boats. In all kinds of weather conditions, the eyes cannot be seen anywhere on radar. All ships, boats and yachts must have radar.

The radar system is a device that displays the images of objects within the range of the signal by using radio signals on a silhouette screen. The radio waves emitted by the radar antenna are reflected back from the hard objects they encounter and leave a mark on the screen.

Today, classic radars have been replaced by computer-controlled radars. In addition to radars, electronic systems such as electronic plotting device (EPA), electronic map display and information system (ECDIS) and map display system are used. These systems should operate regularly and continuously without being affected by the electromagnetic waves around them and without disturbing the operation of the electromagnetic waves and other devices they emit.

Especially in maritime it is very important that these devices do not have electromagnetic compatibility problems. Otherwise, it is inevitable for the systems to show the wrong directions or to focus on the wrong maps.

Electromagnetic interference is the repulsion or pulling force of electrically charged particles. As the electrically charged particles move, they interact with the electric and magnetic force on the other electrically charged particles. The direction of the force also changes depending on the shape and direction of the moving particles. This interaction creates an electric field. Each electric charge produces an electric field. In other words, it is the electrical charges that make up the electric field. Therefore, even if a lamp connected to the electricity grid does not light up, it creates an electric field. What is important here is a small insulating barrier, such as a building or a tree, that blocks the electric field.

The magnetic field occurs when electrical charges are displaced. That is, when the lamp is lit, besides the electric field, a magnetic field also occurs during the transition of the electric current from the cable to the lamp. The higher the electric current, the higher the magnetic field. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is not obstructed by obstructing objects.

Electromagnetic fields are formed by the combination of electric field and magnetic fields. In electromagnetic fields, electric wave and magnetic wave are shifting together at the speed of light. The most prominent features of electromagnetic fields are their wavelengths and frequencies. Frequency is the number of vibrations of an electromagnetic wave per second. As the frequency increases, the wavelength becomes shorter, whereas the energy emitted in the field increases.

Electrical meters and control cards are devices that emit electromagnetic waves by their nature. As with all electrical and electronic devices and systems, these devices and card reading systems must be tested and checked in accordance with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards.

With the development of technology, electricity meters undergo structural and functional changes. As a result of fundamental changes in the field of electronics, the electromechanical structure of the electricity meters turns into a fully electronic structure. In this way, both non-technical losses are reduced and easy multi-tariff applications are introduced. However, as the meters are electronic, electromagnetic compatibility problems should be eliminated. In this way, electricity meters and control cards work correctly and accurately without any electromagnetic interference.

Electric charges generate a magnetic field around them when they move. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electrical and electronic equipment can operate in the same environment without being affected by each other and causing problems. This means that electrical and electronic devices or systems work in harmony and harmony with each other without damaging each other. Based on these definitions, it is wrong to limit electromagnetic compatibility only to frequencies that concern communication. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) means that an electrical or electronic device or system transmits in a manner that adversely affects the operation of another device or system.

Today, electromagnetic compatibility standards have become compulsory in all developed countries. With the legal regulations issued in this direction, electromagnetic compatibility levels of electrical and electronic devices and systems are kept under control. For this reason, manufacturers all over the world are designing new devices and systems in line with these principles.

In addition, electromagnetic compatibility standards should be taken into consideration not only in design works but also in all stages of production. Manufacturers must design and manufacture their new devices in such a way that they do not cause electromagnetic compatibility problems.

This requirement also applies to security systems. Today, security systems cover a wide range from door to window systems, from safe to alarm systems, and in this context, it contains a complete security solution, electrically and electronically. However, when designing and manufacturing these systems, electromagnetic compatibility should always be taken into consideration for the reasons explained above.

It is not a situation that any one would want the installed systems to work incorrectly and give false alarm by being affected by the electromagnetic field around them. It is undesirable that the security systems installed both for the houses and the workplaces and offices do not affect or affect other electrical and electronic devices, that is to say electromagnetic compatibility problems. The way to achieve this is to have the electromagnetic compatibility tests of the security systems.

Today, security systems, CCTV camera systems, robbery alarm systems, smart home automation systems, access control systems, fire alarm systems, automatic extinguishing systems, perimeter security systems, parking and barrier systems, turnstile systems and plate recognition systems cover a wide area such as. .